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Our sources

Every verdict on Still Grafting is built from the published positions of the bodies that study workplace safety, physical health, and trade-specific risk. This is the full list.

Workplace safety & musculoskeletal disorders

hse.gov.uk — UK workplace safety regulator

The HSE enforces the Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005 and the Manual Handling Operations Regulations. Their published position is that anti-vibration gloves are not an effective measure against hand-arm vibration, and their MSD statistics are the definitive UK dataset on work-related ill health.

cdc.gov/niosh — US workplace injury research body

NIOSH reviewed the available research on back support belts and concluded they cannot recommend back belts as a preventive measure against back injury. They are equally clear that back belts should not be considered personal protective equipment (PPE). Their position has not changed with subsequent studies.

ccohs.ca — Canadian occupational health authority

CCOHS advises against relying on back belts for injury prevention, reaching the same verdict as NIOSH through independent review. Their reasoning aligns with the mechanical argument: intra-abdominal pressure from belts does not meaningfully reduce spinal load.

WorkSafe (NZ / Australia)
worksafe.govt.nz — Australasian workplace safety regulator

WorkSafe BC and WorkSafe New Zealand publish consistent guidance: back belts are not recommended for preventing injury. Their position mirrors NIOSH and CCOHS, adding international weight to a unanimous verdict.


Standards & certification

iso.org — International Organization for Standardization

The standard a glove must pass to carry the “anti-vibration” label. It tests two frequency ranges: medium (31.5–200 Hz, must not amplify, score <1.0) and high (200–1250 Hz, must cut by at least 40%, score <0.6). It says nothing useful about the low frequencies where breakers and heavy hammer drills do their damage — which is the honest catch.

iso.org — International Organization for Standardization

The European standard for knee protection at work. Type 1 = strap-on knee pads; Type 2 = trouser pocket inserts. Level 0 = no penetration resistance; Level 1 = basic; Level 2 = protection against sharp objects including stones, rubble and metal debris. A pad and a trouser are a certified system — the certification is void if you mix brands.


Systematic reviews

cochranelibrary.com — gold standard for clinical evidence aggregation

The Cochrane systematic review on lumbar supports for preventing back pain pooled the available studies and found moderate-quality evidence that back belts are no more effective than no intervention. The review is regularly updated. The verdict has held.


Journals & research

jamanetwork.com — peer-reviewed medical journal

The largest single study on back belts, published in JAMA in 2000, followed 9,377 employees at a major retail chain. The result: no statistically significant difference in back injury claims between workers who wore belts and those who did not. Not a small effect. No effect. This is the study that closed the argument.

Peer-reviewed lab testing on EN ISO 10819
Various academic and standards-body publications

Independent lab testing of anti-vibration glove performance has consistently shown that gloves certified to EN ISO 10819 meet the standard's narrow criteria but do not provide meaningful protection against the low-frequency vibration produced by breakers, jackhammers and heavy hammer drills. The standard is a floor, not a guarantee.


How we use these sources

Every guide on Still Grafting is built from these bodies' published positions. We cite, not invent. When a guide references a study or a standard, you can trace it back to the source listed here. When new research changes a body's position, we update the guide and note the change.

We do not accept manufacturer claims, marketing materials, or retailer descriptions as authoritative sources. If a manufacturer disputes a body's published position, we note the dispute but side with the evidence until the evidence changes.

Spotted a source we've missed, or a study we should be citing? Email [email protected] and we'll review it.

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